Introduction

Background: |  |

`
Since independence from Portugal in 1974, Guinea-Bissau has experienced considerable political and military upheaval. In 1980, a military coup established authoritarian dictator Joao Bernardo 'Nino' VIEIRA as president. Despite setting a path to a market economy and multiparty system, VIEIRA's regime was characterized by the suppression of political opposition and the purging of political rivals. Several coup attempts through the 1980s and early 1990s failed to unseat him. In 1994 VIEIRA was elected president in the country's first free elections. A military mutiny and resulting civil war in 1998 eventually led to VIEIRA's ouster in May 1999. In February 2000, a transitional government turned over power to opposition leader Kumba YALA after he was elected president in transparent polling. In September 2003, after only three years in office, YALA was ousted by the military in a bloodless coup, and businessman Henrique ROSA was sworn in as interim president. In 2005, former President VIEIRA was re-elected president pledging to pursue economic development and national reconciliation; he was assassinated in March 2009. Malam Bacai SANHA was elected in an emergency election held in June 2009.
`

Geography

Location: |  |
`Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Senegal`
Geographic coordinates: |  |
`12 00 N, 15 00 W`
Map references: |  |
`Africa`
Area: |  |
`total: 36,125 sq km country comparison to the world: 137 land: 28,120 sq km water: 8,005 sq km`
Area - comparative: |  |
`slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut`
Land boundaries: |  |
`total: 724 km border countries: Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 km`
Coastline: |  |
`350 km`
Maritime claims: |  |
`territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm`
Climate: |  |
`tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds`
Terrain: |  |
`mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east`
Elevation extremes: |  |
`lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed elevation in the eastern part of the country 300 m`
Natural resources: |  |
`fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, clay, granite, limestone, unexploited deposits of petroleum`
Land use: |  |
`arable land: 8.31% permanent crops: 6.92% other: 84.77% (2005)`
Irrigated land: |  |
`250 sq km (2003)`
Total renewable water resources: |  |
`31 cu km (2003)`
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic / industrial / agricultural): |  |
`total: 0.18 cu km/yr (13%/5%/82%) per capita: 113 cu m/yr (2000)`
Natural hazards: |  |
`hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires`
Environment - current issues: |  |
`deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; overfishing`
Environment - international agreements: |  |
`party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements`
Geography - note: |  |
`this small country is swampy along its western coast and low-lying inland`

People

Population: |  |
`1,596,677 (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 150`
Age structure: |  |
`0-14 years: 40.4% (male 321,889/female 323,202) 15-64 years: 56.4% (male 435,986/female 465,117) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 19,975/female 30,508) (2011 est.)`
Median age: |  |
`total: 19.5 years male: 18.9 years female: 20 years (2011 est.)`
Population growth rate: |  |
`1.988% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 52`
Birth rate: |  |
`35.15 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 31`
Death rate: |  |
`15.27 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 8`
Net migration rate: |  |
`0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 104`
Urbanization: |  |
`urban population: 30% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)`
Major cities - population: |  |
`BISSAU (capital) 302,000 (2009)`
Sex ratio: |  |
`at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2011 est.)`
Infant mortality rate: |  |
`total: 96.23 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 7 male: 106.11 deaths/1,000 live births female: 86.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)`
Life expectancy at birth: |  |
`total population: 48.7 years country comparison to the world: 217 male: 46.8 years female: 50.67 years (2011 est.)`
Total fertility rate: |  |
`4.51 children born/woman (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 33`
HIV / AIDS - adult prevalence rate: |  |
`2.5% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 26`
HIV / AIDS - people living with HIV / AIDS: |  |
`22,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 76`
HIV / AIDS - deaths: |  |
`1,200 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 65`
Major infectious diseases: |  |
`degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)`
Drinking water source: |  |
`improved: urban: 83% of population rural: 51% of population total: 61% of population unimproved: urban: 17% of population rural: 49% of population total: 39% of population (2008)`
Sanitation facility access: |  |
`improved: urban: 49% of population rural: 9% of population total: 21% of population unimproved: urban: 51% of population rural: 91% of population total: 79% of population (2008)`
Nationality: |  |
`noun: Guinean(s) adjective: Guinean`
Ethnic groups: |  |
`African 99% (includes Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%), European and mulatto less than 1%`
Religions: |  |
`Muslim 50%, indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 10%`
Languages: |  |
`Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages`
Literacy: |  |
`definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 42.4% male: 58.1% female: 27.4% (2003 est.)`
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): |  |
`total: 9 years (2006)`
Education expenditures: |  |
`NA`

Government

Country name: |  |
`conventional long form: Republic of Guinea-Bissau conventional short form: Guinea-Bissau local long form: Republica da Guine-Bissau local short form: Guine-Bissau former: Portuguese Guinea`
Government type: |  |
`republic`
Capital: |  |
`name: Bissau geographic coordinates: 11 51 N, 15 35 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)`
Administrative divisions: |  |
`9 regions (regioes, singular - regiao); Bafata, Biombo, Bissau, Bolama, Cacheu, Gabu, Oio, Quinara, Tombali; note - Bolama may have been renamed Bolama/Bijagos`
Independence: |  |
`24 September 1973 (declared); 10 September 1974 (from Portugal)`
National holiday: |  |
`Independence Day, 24 September (1973)`
Constitution: |  |
`16 May 1984; amended several times`
Legal system: |  |
`mixed legal system of civil law (influenced by the early French Civil Code) and customary law`
International law organization participation: |  |
`accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt`
Suffrage: |  |
`18 years of age; universal`
Executive branch: |  |

`
chief of state: President Malam Bacai SANHA (since 8 September 2009)
head of government: Prime Minister Carlos GOMES Junior (since 25 December 2008)
cabinet: NA
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website )
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 28 June 2009 with a runoff between the two leading candidates held on 26 July 2009 (next to be held by 2014); prime minister appointed by the president after consultation with party leaders in the legislature
election results: Malam Bacai SANHA elected president; percent of vote, second ballot - Malam Bacai SANHA 63.5%, Kumba YALA 36.5%
`

Legislative branch: |  |
`unicameral National People's Assembly or Assembleia Nacional Popular (100 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 16 November 2008 (next to be held in 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - PAIGC 49.8%, PRS 25.3%, PRID 7.5%, PND 2.4%, AD 1.4%, other parties 13.6%; seats by party - PAIGC 67, PRS 28, PRID 3, PND 1, AD 1`
Judicial branch: |  |

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Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica (consists of nine justices appointed by the president and serve at his pleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil cases); Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of appeals for Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and civil cases valued at more than $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are not necessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases valued at less than $1,000 and misdemeanor criminal cases)
`

Political parties and leaders: |  |

`
African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde or PAIGC [Carlos GOMES Junior]; Democratic Alliance or AD [Victor MANDINGA]; Democratic Social Front or FDS [Rafael BARBOSA]; Electoral Union or UE [Joaquim BALDE]; Guinea-Bissau Civic Forum/Social Democracy or FCGSD [Antonieta Rosa GOMES]; Guinea-Bissau Democratic Party or PDG; Guinea-Bissau Socialist Democratic Party or PDSG [Serifo BALDE]; Labor and Solidarity Party or PST [Lancuba INDJAI]; New Democracy Party or PND; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Victor MANDINGA]; Party for Renewal and Progress or PRP; Party for Social Renewal or PRS [Kumba YALA]; Progress Party or PP; Republican Party for Independence and Development or PRID [Aristides GOMES]; Union of Guinean Patriots or UPG [Francisca VAZ]; Union for Change or UM [Amine SAAD]; United Platform or UP (coalition formed by PCD, FDS, FLING, and RGB-MB); United Popular Alliance or APU; United Social Democratic Party or PUSD [Francisco FADUL]
`

Political pressure groups and leaders: |  |
`NA`
International organization participation: |  |
`ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CPLP, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO`
Diplomatic representation in the US: |  |
`chief of mission: none; note - Guinea-Bissau does not have official representation in Washington, DC`
Diplomatic representation from the US: |  |
`the US Embassy suspended operations on 14 June 1998 in the midst of violent conflict between forces loyal to then President VIEIRA and military-led junta; the US Ambassador to Senegal is accredited to Guinea-Bissau`
Flag description: |  |

`
two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed star centered in the red band; yellow symbolizes the sun; green denotes hope; red represents blood shed during the struggle for independence; the black star stands for African unity
note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the flag design was heavily influenced by the Ghanaian flag
`

National anthem: |  |
`name: "Esta e a Nossa Patria Bem Amada" (This Is Our Beloved Country) lyrics/music: Amilcar Lopes CABRAL/XIAO He note: adopted 1974; a delegation from Portuguese Guinea visited China in 1963 and heard music by XIAO He; Amilcar Lopes CABRA, the leader of Guinea-Bissau's independence movement, asked the composer to create a piece that would inspire his people to struggle for independence`

Economy

Economy - overview: |  |

`
One of the poorest countries in the world, Guinea-Bissau's legal economy depends mainly on farming and fishing, but trafficking narcotics is probably the most lucrative trade. Cashew crops have increased remarkably in recent years. Guinea-Bissau exports fish and seafood along with small amounts of peanuts, palm kernels, and timber. Rice is the major crop and staple food. However, intermittent fighting between Senegalese-backed government troops and a military junta destroyed much of the country's infrastructure and caused widespread damage to the economy in 1998; the civil war led to a 28% drop in GDP that year, with partial recovery in 1999-2002. In December 2003, the World Bank, IMF, and UNDP were forced to step in to provide emergency budgetary support in the amount of $107 million for 2004, representing over 80% of the total national budget. The combination of limited economic prospects, a weak and faction-ridden government, and favorable geography have made this West African country a way station for drugs bound for Europe.
`

GDP (purchasing power parity): |  |
`$1.784 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 189 $1.724 billion (2009 est.) $1.674 billion (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars`
GDP (official exchange rate): |  |
`$837 million (2010 est.)`
GDP - real growth rate: |  |
`3.5% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 112 3% (2009 est.) 3.2% (2008 est.)`
GDP - per capita (PPP): |  |
`$1,100 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 210 $1,100 (2009 est.) $1,100 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars`
GDP - composition by sector: |  |
`agriculture: 62% industry: 12% services: 26% (1999 est.)`
Labor force: |  |
`632,700 (2007) country comparison to the world: 152`
Labor force - by occupation: |  |
`agriculture: 82% industry and services: 18% (2000 est.)`
Unemployment rate: |  |
`NA%`
Population below poverty line: |  |
`NA%`
Household income or consumption by percentage share: |  |
`lowest 10%: 2.9% highest 10%: 28% (2002)`
Budget: |  |
`revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA`
Inflation rate (consumer prices): |  |
`3.8% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 108`
Central bank discount rate: |  |
`4.25% (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 89 4.75% (31 December 2008)`
Commercial bank prime lending rate: |  |
`NA%`
Stock of narrow money: |  |
`$192.1 million (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 175 $171.2 million (31 December 2008)`
Stock of broad money: |  |
`$209.3 million (31 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 182 $189.2 million (31 December 2008 est.)`
Stock of domestic credit: |  |
`$42.56 million (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 183 $58.87 million (31 December 2008)`
Market value of publicly traded shares: |  |
`$NA`
Agriculture - products: |  |
`rice, corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, cotton; timber; fish`
Industries: |  |
`agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks`
Industrial production growth rate: |  |
`4.7% (2003 est.) country comparison to the world: 75`
Electricity - production: |  |
`65 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 197`
Electricity - consumption: |  |
`60.45 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 196`
Electricity - exports: |  |
`0 kWh (2008 est.)`
Electricity - imports: |  |
`0 kWh (2008 est.)`
Oil - production: |  |
`0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 123`
Oil - consumption: |  |
`3,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 179`
Oil - exports: |  |
`0 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 196`
Oil - imports: |  |
`2,545 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 171`
Oil - proved reserves: |  |
`0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 178`
Natural gas - production: |  |
`0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 174`
Natural gas - consumption: |  |
`0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 116`
Natural gas - exports: |  |
`0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 160`
Natural gas - imports: |  |
`0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 108`
Natural gas - proved reserves: |  |
`0 cu m (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 180`
Current account balance: |  |
`$-6 million (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 62`
Exports: |  |
`$133 million (2006) country comparison to the world: 187`
Exports - commodities: |  |
`fish, shrimp; cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, sawn lumber`
Exports - partners: |  |
`India 62.21%, Nigeria 31.28%, Portugal 1.48% (2009)`
Imports: |  |
`$200 million (2006) country comparison to the world: 201`
Imports - commodities: |  |
`foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products`
Imports - partners: |  |
`Portugal 17.33%, Senegal 13.66%, Netherlands 9.27%, India 9.11%, Thailand 5.2%, Brazil 4.49% (2009)`
Debt - external: |  |
`$941.5 million (2000 est.) country comparison to the world: 152`
Exchange rates: |  |
`Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 495.28 (2010) 472.19 (2009) 493.51 (2007) 522.59 (2006)`

Communications

Telephones - main lines in use: |  |
`4,800 (2009) country comparison to the world: 213`
Telephones - mobile cellular: |  |
`560,300 (2009) country comparison to the world: 158`
Telephone system: |  |
`general assessment: small system including a combination of microwave radio relay, open-wire lines, radiotelephone, and mobile-cellular communications domestic: fixed-line teledensity less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity reached 35 per 100 in 2009 international: country code - 245 (2008)`
Broadcast media: |  |
`1 state-owned TV station and a second station, RTP Africa, is operated by Portuguese public broadcaster Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP); 1 state-owned radio station, several private radio stations, and some community radio stations; multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)`
Internet country code: |  |
`.gw`
Internet hosts: |  |
`82 (2010) country comparison to the world: 206`
Internet users: |  |
`37,100 (2009) country comparison to the world: 176`

Transportation

Airports: |  |
`9 (2010) country comparison to the world: 158`
Airports - with paved runways: |  |
`total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2010)`
Airports - with unpaved runways: |  |
`total: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2010)`
Roadways: |  |
`total: 3,455 km country comparison to the world: 161 paved: 965 km unpaved: 2,490 km (2002)`
Waterways: |  |
`(rivers are navigable for some distance; many inlets and creeks give shallow-water access to much of interior) (2009)`
Ports and terminals: |  |
`Bissau, Buba, Cacheu, Farim`

Military

Military branches: |  |
`People's Revolutionary Armed Force (FARP): Army, Navy, National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional); Presidential Guard (2011)`
Military service age and obligation: |  |
`18-25 years of age for selective compulsory military service (Air Force service is voluntary); 16 years of age or younger with parental consent, for voluntary service (2010)`
Manpower available for military service: |  |
`males age 16-49: 370,790 females age 16-49: 372,171 (2010 est.)`
Manpower fit for military service: |  |
`males age 16-49: 205,460 females age 16-49: 212,277 (2010 est.)`
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually: |  |
`male: 17,639 female: 17,865 (2010 est.)`
Military expenditures: |  |
`3.1% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 41`

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international: |  |
`in 2006, political instability within Senegal's Casamance region resulted in thousands of Senegalese refugees, cross-border raids, and arms smuggling into Guinea-Bissau`
Refugees and internally displaced persons: |  |
`refugees (country of origin): 7,454 (Senegal) (2007)`
Trafficking in persons: |  |

`
current situation: Guinea-Bissau is a source country for children trafficked primarily for forced begging and forced agricultural labor to other West African countries
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - for the second year in a row, Guinea-Bissau is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to combat severe forms of trafficking in persons, as evidenced by the continued failure to pass an anti-trafficking law and inadequate efforts to investigate or prosecute trafficking crimes or convict and punish trafficking offenders (2008)
`

Illicit drugs: |  |
`increasingly important transit country for South American cocaine enroute to Europe; enabling environment for trafficker operations thanks to pervasive corruption; archipelago-like geography around the capital facilitates drug smuggling`

PAGE LAST UPDATED ON MAY 26, 2011