Introduction

Background: |  |

`
The Gilbert Islands became a British protectorate in 1892 and a colony in 1915; they were captured by the Japanese in the Pacific War in 1941. The islands of Makin and Tarawa were the sites of major US amphibious victories over entrenched Japanese garrisons in 1943. The Gilbert Islands were granted self-rule by the UK in 1971 and complete independence in 1979 under the new name of Kiribati. The US relinquished all claims to the sparsely inhabited Phoenix and Line Island groups in a 1979 treaty of friendship with Kiribati.
`

Geography

Location: |  |
`Oceania, group of 33 coral atolls in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the Equator, as well as the International Date Line; the capital Tarawa is about half way between Hawaii and Australia`
Geographic coordinates: |  |
`1 25 N, 173 00 E`
Map references: |  |
`Oceania`
Area: |  |
`total: 811 sq km country comparison to the world: 186 land: 811 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands`
Area - comparative: |  |
`four times the size of Washington, DC`
Land boundaries: |  |
`0 km`
Coastline: |  |
`1,143 km`
Maritime claims: |  |
`territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm`
Climate: |  |
`tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds`
Terrain: |  |
`mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs`
Elevation extremes: |  |
`lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed elevation on Banaba 81 m`
Natural resources: |  |
`phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)`
Land use: |  |
`arable land: 2.74% permanent crops: 47.95% other: 49.31% (2005)`
Irrigated land: |  |
`NA`
Natural hazards: |  |
`typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them sensitive to changes in sea level`
Environment - current issues: |  |
`heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; ground water at risk`
Environment - international agreements: |  |
`party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements`
Geography - note: |  |
`21 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia, and Nauru; Kiribati is the only country in the world to fall into all four hemispheres (northern, southern, eastern, and western)`

People

Population: |  |
`100,743 (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 193`
Age structure: |  |
`0-14 years: 33.9% (male 17,385/female 16,750) 15-64 years: 62.4% (male 30,598/female 32,259) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 1,461/female 2,290) (2011 est.)`
Median age: |  |
`total: 22.5 years male: 21.7 years female: 23.4 years (2011 est.)`
Population growth rate: |  |
`1.249% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 93`
Birth rate: |  |
`22.73 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 74`
Death rate: |  |
`7.4 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 120`
Net migration rate: |  |
`-2.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 175`
Urbanization: |  |
`urban population: 44% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 1.9% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)`
Major cities - population: |  |
`TARAWA (capital) 43,000 (2009)`
Sex ratio: |  |
`at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2011 est.)`
Infant mortality rate: |  |
`total: 38.89 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 64 male: 40.13 deaths/1,000 live births female: 37.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)`
Life expectancy at birth: |  |
`total population: 64.39 years country comparison to the world: 171 male: 62.03 years female: 66.88 years (2011 est.)`
Total fertility rate: |  |
`2.78 children born/woman (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 72`
HIV / AIDS - adult prevalence rate: |  |
`NA`
HIV / AIDS - people living with HIV / AIDS: |  |
`NA`
HIV / AIDS - deaths: |  |
`NA`
Drinking water source: |  |
`improved: urban: 77% of population rural: 50% of population total: 62% of population unimproved: urban: 23% of population rural: 50% of population total: 38% of population (2000)`
Sanitation facility access: |  |
`improved: urban: 47% of population rural: 22% of population total: 33% of population unimproved: urban: 53% of population rural: 78% of population total: 67% of population (2000)`
Nationality: |  |
`noun: I-Kiribati (singular and plural) adjective: I-Kiribati`
Ethnic groups: |  |
`Micronesian 98.8%, other 1.2% (2000 census)`
Religions: |  |
`Roman Catholic 55%, Protestant 36%, Mormon 3.1%, Bahai 2.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.9%, other 1.8% (2005 census)`
Languages: |  |
`I-Kiribati, English (official)`
Literacy: |  |
`NA`
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): |  |
`total: 12 years male: 12 years female: 13 years (2008)`
Education expenditures: |  |
`NA`

Government

Country name: |  |
`conventional long form: Republic of Kiribati conventional short form: Kiribati local long form: Republic of Kiribati local short form: Kiribati note: pronounced keer-ree-bahss former: Gilbert Islands`
Government type: |  |
`republic`
Capital: |  |

`
name: Tarawa
geographic coordinates: 1 19 N, 172 58 E
time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note: on 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory was in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (UTC +12) even though the Phoenix Islands and the Line Islands under its jurisdiction were on the other side of the International Date Line
`

Administrative divisions: |  |

`
3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; note - in addition, there are 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) and 21 island councils - one for each of the inhabited islands (Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina)
`

Independence: |  |
`12 July 1979 (from the UK)`
National holiday: |  |
`Independence Day, 12 July (1979)`
Constitution: |  |
`12 July 1979`
Legal system: |  |
`English common law supplemented by customary law`
International law organization participation: |  |
`has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt`
Suffrage: |  |
`18 years of age; universal`
Executive branch: |  |

`
chief of state: President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President Teima ONORIO; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Anote TONG (since 10 July 2003); Vice President Teima ONORIO
cabinet: 12-member cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the House of Parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website )
elections: the House of Parliament chooses the presidential candidates from among its members and then those candidates compete in a general election; president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for two more terms); election last held on 17 October 2007 (next to be held in 2011); vice president appointed by the president
election results: Anote TONG 63.7%, Nabuti MWEMWENIKARAWA 32.9%
`

Legislative branch: |  |

`
unicameral House of Parliament or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (46 seats; 44 members elected by popular vote, 1 ex officio member - the attorney general, 1 nominated by the Rabi Council of Leaders (representing Banaba Island); members serve four-year terms)
elections: legislative elections were held in two rounds - the first round on 22 August 2007 and the second round on 30 August 2007 (next to be held in 2011)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA, other 2 (includes attorney general)
`

Judicial branch: |  |
`Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges at all levels are appointed by the president`
Political parties and leaders: |  |
`Boutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON]; Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Pati or MKP; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry TONG] note: there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures`
Political pressure groups and leaders: |  |
`NA`
International organization participation: |  |
`ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, ITUC, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO`
Diplomatic representation in the US: |  |
`Kiribati does not have an embassy in the US; there is an honorary consulate in Honolulu`
Diplomatic representation from the US: |  |
`the US does not have an embassy in Kiribati; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Kiribati`
Flag description: |  |

`
the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the Pacific ocean; the white stripes represent the three island groups - the Gilbert, Line, and Phoenix Islands; the 17 rays of the sun represent the 16 Gilbert Islands and Banaba (formerly Ocean Island); the frigate bird symbolizes authority and freedom
`

National anthem: |  |
`name: "Teirake kaini Kiribati" (Stand Up, Kiribati) lyrics/music: Urium Tamuera IOTEBA note: adopted 1979`

Economy

Economy - overview: |  |

`
A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few natural resources and is one of the least developed Pacific Islands. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted at the time of independence from the UK in 1979. Copra and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuated widely in recent years. Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. Tourism provides more than one-fifth of GDP. Private sector initiatives and a financial sector are in the early stages of development. Foreign financial aid from the EU, UK, US, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, UN agencies, and Taiwan accounts for 20-25% of GDP. Remittances from seamen on merchant ships abroad account for more than $5 million each year. Kiribati receives around $15 million annually for the government budget from an Australian trust fund.
`

GDP (purchasing power parity): |  |
`$618 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 210 $606.7 million (2009 est.) $611.3 million (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars`
GDP (official exchange rate): |  |
`$147 million (2010 est.)`
GDP - real growth rate: |  |
`1.8% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 155 -0.7% (2009 est.) -1.1% (2008 est.)`
GDP - per capita (PPP): |  |
`$6,200 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 137 $6,200 (2009 est.) $6,300 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars`
GDP - composition by sector: |  |
`agriculture: 8.9% industry: 24.2% services: 66.8% (2004)`
Labor force: |  |
`7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (2001 est.) country comparison to the world: 216`
Labor force - by occupation: |  |
`agriculture: 2.7% industry: 32% services: 65.3% (2000)`
Unemployment rate: |  |
`2% (1992 est.) country comparison to the world: 13`
Population below poverty line: |  |
`NA%`
Household income or consumption by percentage share: |  |
`lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%`
Budget: |  |
`revenues: $55.52 million expenditures: $59.71 million (FY05)`
Inflation rate (consumer prices): |  |
`0.2% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 10`
Market value of publicly traded shares: |  |
`$NA`
Agriculture - products: |  |
`copra, taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; fish`
Industries: |  |
`fishing, handicrafts`
Industrial production growth rate: |  |
`NA%`
Electricity - production: |  |
`14 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 209`
Electricity - consumption: |  |
`13.02 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 209`
Electricity - exports: |  |
`0 kWh (2008 est.)`
Electricity - imports: |  |
`0 kWh (2008 est.)`
Oil - production: |  |
`0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 190`
Oil - consumption: |  |
`0 bbl/day country comparison to the world: 205`
Oil - exports: |  |
`0 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 178`
Oil - imports: |  |
`260.8 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 200`
Oil - proved reserves: |  |
`0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 148`
Natural gas - production: |  |
`0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 144`
Natural gas - consumption: |  |
`0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 188`
Natural gas - exports: |  |
`0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 123`
Natural gas - imports: |  |
`0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 78`
Natural gas - proved reserves: |  |
`0 cu m (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 151`
Current account balance: |  |
`$-21 million (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 65`
Exports: |  |
`$17 million (2004 est.) country comparison to the world: 209`
Exports - commodities: |  |
`copra 62%, coconuts, seaweed, fish`
Imports: |  |
`$62 million (2004 est.) country comparison to the world: 215`
Imports - commodities: |  |
`foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel`
Debt - external: |  |
`$10 million (1999 est.) country comparison to the world: 190`
Exchange rates: |  |
`Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - 1.0902 (2010) 1.2822 (2009) 1.2059 (2008) 1.2137 (2007) 1.3285 (2006)`

Communications

Telephones - main lines in use: |  |
`4,000 (2009) country comparison to the world: 215`
Telephones - mobile cellular: |  |
`1,000 (2009) country comparison to the world: 216`
Telephone system: |  |

`
general assessment: generally good quality national and international service
domestic: wire line service available on Tarawa and Kiritimati (Christmas Island); connections to outer islands by HF/VHF radiotelephone; wireless service available in Tarawa since 1999
international: country code - 686; Kiribati is being linked to the Pacific Ocean Cooperative Telecommunications Network, which should improve telephone service; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
`

Broadcast media: |  |
`1 television broadcast station that provides about 1 hour of local programming Monday-Friday; multi-channel TV packages provide access to Australian and US stations; 1 government-operated radio station broadcasting on AM, FM, and shortwave (2009)`
Internet country code: |  |
`.ki`
Internet hosts: |  |
`31 (2010) country comparison to the world: 214`
Internet users: |  |
`7,800 (2009) country comparison to the world: 203`

Transportation

Airports: |  |
`19 (2010) country comparison to the world: 136`
Airports - with paved runways: |  |
`total: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2010)`
Airports - with unpaved runways: |  |
`total: 15 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 4 (2010)`
Roadways: |  |
`total: 670 km (2000) country comparison to the world: 189`
Waterways: |  |
`5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands) (2007) country comparison to the world: 108`
Merchant marine: |  |
`total: 71 country comparison to the world: 61 by type: bulk carrier 6, cargo 32, chemical tanker 6, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 11, refrigerated cargo 15 foreign-owned: 51 (China 28, Hong Kong 1, Italy 1, Singapore 11, South Korea 2, Taiwan 5, Turkey 3) (2010)`
Ports and terminals: |  |
`Betio (Tarawa Atoll), Canton Island, English Harbor`

Military

Military branches: |  |
`no regular military forces (establishment prevented by the constitution); Police Force (2011)`
Manpower available for military service: |  |
`males age 16-49: 25,190 (2010 est.)`
Manpower fit for military service: |  |
`males age 16-49: 18,364 females age 16-49: 20,302 (2010 est.)`
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually: |  |
`male: 1,132 female: 1,120 (2010 est.)`
Military expenditures: |  |
`NA`
Military - note: |  |
`Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance is provided by Australia and NZ`

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international: |  |
`none`

PAGE LAST UPDATED ON MAY 26, 2011