# Help

For Questions About the CTIP Program, Please Contact:

Linda Daniels
Program Manager, DoD CTIP
Law Enforcement Policy and Support, OUSD(P&R) DHRA
4040 N. Fairfax Dr. Suite 200
Arlington, VA 22203
Voice: (703) 696-7186
DSN: 426-7186 FAX: (703) 588-1375
E-Mail: Linda.Daniels@osd.pentagon.mil

### For Technical Support or Questions About this App, Please Contact:

Jason Haag, Mobile Learning
Advanced Distributed Learning Initiative
1901 N. Beauregard Street, Suite 600
Alexandria, VA 22311
E-Mail: jason.haag.ctr@adlnet.gov

This App was created in collaboration with the Office Under the Secretary of Defense (OUSD) to educate and help increase public awareness about combatting Trafficking In Persons (TIP). ADL is sponsored by the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness (OUSD P&R). This is an official App of the U.S. Government ©Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) Initiative.

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# Resources

Home

### Trafficking In Persons Resources

NOTE: The following resources are links to external websites and will open a new browser window. These links may or may not be mobile-friendly.

DEPT. DEFENSE
http://ctip.defense.gov
DEPT. STATE
http://www.state.gov/g/tip/
DEPT. JUSTICE
http://justice.gov/olp/human_trafficking.htm
DEPT. HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/trafficking//
DEPT. LABOR
http://www.dol.gov/ilab/programs/OCFT/
DEPT. HOMELAND SECURITY
http://www.ice.gov/human-trafficking/
NATIONAL HUMAN TRAFFICKING RESOURCE CENTER (NHTRC)
1-888-3737-888
http://nhtrc.polarisproject.org/

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Home

# TIP Training

## Introduction

Warning: This training contains language and images depicting physical violence and sexual violence to accurately portray the nature of the crime of trafficking in persons. The Department of Defense has determined that this level of candor is necessary in order to properly convey the subject matter.

## Course Agenda

Module 1
What is Trafficking in Persons?

Module 2
Who is Involved in Trafficking in Persons?

Module 3
Why Does Trafficking in Persons Occur?

Module 4
How Do People Become Victims of Trafficking in Persons?

Module 5
Combating Trafficking in Persons

Module 6
Legal & Policy

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# TIP Introduction

## Proclamation from the President

"Yet even today, the darkness and inhumanity of enslavement exists. Millions of people worldwide are held in compelled service, as well as thousands within the United States. We acknowledge that forms of slavery still exist in the modern era, and we recommit ourselves to stopping the human traffickers who ply this horrific trade."

- President Barack Obama, 2009

President Obama proclaims January as National Slavery and Human Trafficking Prevention Month

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# TIP Introduction

## From DoD Leadership

Department of Defense
INSTRUCTION
NUMBER 2200.01 USD (P&R)

SUBJECT: Combating Trafficking in Persons (CTIP)

It is DoD policy to:

(a) Oppose prostitution, forced labor, and any related activities that may contribute to the phenomenon of TIP as inherently harmful and dehumanizing TIP is a violation of U.S. law and intentionally recognized human rights, and is incompatible with DoD core values.

(b) Deter activities of DoD Service members, civilian employees, indirect hires, contract personnel, and command-sponsored dependents that would facilitate or support TIP, domestically and overseas.

Annual CTIP awareness training is mandatory for all:

DoD Military Personnel

DoD Civilian Personnel

Any involvement in TIP by DoD military or civilian personnel can affect the overall credibility and reputation of the DoD and the United States government. This can therefore impact mission completion and relationships on both the international and national levels.

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# TIP Introduction

## International Scope

It is estimated:

12 million people enslaved around the world today

600,000 - 800,000 TIP victims were trafficked internationally annually

80% of victims are women

50% of victims are children

$32 billion generated from TIP annually

TIP is one of the fastest growing criminal industries worldwide

Source: United Nations, International Labor Organization

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# TIP Introduction

## National Scope

It is estimated:

14,500 - 17,500 TIP victims trafficked into U.S. annually

100,000 American children are victims of prostitution annually

Source: U.S. State Department, National Center for Missing and Exploited Children

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# Module 1

## Module 1 Objectives:

Identify common myths about TIP

Define TIP

Identify Sex Trafficking

Identify Labor Trafficking

Identify Child Soldiers

Estimated Completion Time: 7 - 9 minutes

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# Module 1

## Hillary Clinton Statement

"It is modern slavery, a crime that spans the globe, providing ruthless employers with an endless supply of people to abuse for financial gain. Human trafficking is a crime with many victims: not only those who are trafficked, but also the families they leave behind, some of whom never see their loved ones again."

- Hillary Clinton, U.S. Secretary of State

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# Module 1

## Common TIP Myths

### Myths vs. Reality

Myth 1: TIP must involve some form of travel, transportation, or movement across international or national borders.

Reality: TIP does not require transportation, although it may be involved in the crime. TIP is more accurately described as "compelled service" where a victim does not have consent or control due to force, or coercion.

Reality: TIP is not the same as smuggling, but is a separate criminal offense. Smuggling primarily involves illegally transporting people across borders.

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# Module 1

## Common TIP Myths

### Myths vs. Reality

Myth 2: TIP must involve physical restraint, physical force, bodily harm, or physical bondage.

Reality: TIP does not require the use of physical force or restraint. Other forms of control can include coercion (e.g threats) and psychological manipulation.

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# Module 1

## Common TIP Myths

### Myths vs. Reality

Myth 3: TIP only occurs in other countries and victims are only foreign nationals.

Reality: TIP is a serious crime that occurs all over the world, including in the United States. TIP victims can be foreign nationals and U.S. citizens.

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# Module 1

## Common TIP Myths

### Myths vs. Reality

Myth 4: Prostitution is always voluntary and consensual.

Reality: Prostitution is not voluntary when force, fraud, or coercion is used to compel a victim to provide sex. This is TIP.

Reality: Under U.S. law, children identified in the commercial sex trade are automatic victims of TIP.

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# Module 1

## Common TIP Myths

### Myths vs. Reality

Myth 5: If a person is paid for their services - whether for sex or labor, they cannot be TIP victims.

Reality: Some TIP victims may be paid for their services, but when force, fraud, or coercion is used against them, they are no longer in control. This often results in their inability to leave without violence or threat of violence.

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# Module 1

## Definition of TIP

United States Government

The U.S. government enacted the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) in 2000, defining trafficking in persons as:

Severe Forms of Trafficking in Persons -

(a) sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; or

(b) the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery.

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# Module 1

## Sex Trafficking

Child sex tourism: traveling to countries to have sex with children

Any minor (18 and under) identified in commercial sex activities is an automatic TIP victim

Source: United Nations, International Labor Organization, U.S. State Department

Men bid to buy the virginity of Nita, above left, age 14. She is from Bedla caste in India, which encourages girls to be prostituted at the age of 13-14.

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# Module 1

## Sex Trafficking

Commercial sex compelled by force, fraud, or coercion

Victims found in: brothels, street prostitution, escort services, or pornography

Source: United Nations, International Labor Organization, U.S. State Department

At the Czech Republic border with Germany, prostituted women wait for clients behind a brothel window.

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# Module 1

## Sex Trafficking

98% of identified sex trafficking victims are women and children

Source: United Nations, International Labor Organization, U.S. State Department

Prostituted boys in Recife, Brazil pose on a bridge. Street children are particularly vulnerable to sexual exploitation.

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# Module 1

## Sex Trafficking

43% of identified TIP victims are for sex trafficking

Source: United Nations, International Labor Organization, U.S. State Department

Along the Kenyan coast, child sex tourism has become rampant. Between 10,000 and 15,000 girls are being prostituted.

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# Module 1

## Sex Trafficking

Demand for the sex trade allows sex trafficking to flourish

Source: United Nations, International Labor Organization, U.S. State Department

A Western man negotiated for the young Thai girl, while she clutched the arm of her trafficker. After settling on the price, the man left with the young girl.

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# Module 1

## Public Service Announcement

DoD strives to help contractors, government personnel, and military members recognize some common signs of labor trafficking in and around the work place.

Play Video

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# Module 1

## Sex Trafficking Victim's Story

Anita's Story
Anita was transported from Nigeria through Ghana to Italy, where she was forced to have sex with more than 25 men a day. If she resisted, her "madam" would beat her with a belt, starve her, and threaten to deport her. Anita would rotate through Turin, Rome, and Milan, enduring mental torture and physical abuse at each base. Anita's traffickers raped her several times, and she underwent several crude abortions. Anita survived, but some of her friends died in the ordeal.

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# Module 1

## Labor Trafficking

Labor or service compelled by force, fraud, or coercion

Source: United Nations, International Labor Organization, U.S. State Department

Human traffickers in China held these migrant workers captive in a brick kiln, forcing them to work up to 18 hours a day without pay on a sparse diet of cabbage boiled in salt water.

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# Module 1

## Labor Trafficking

Children are also labor trafficking victims

Source: United Nations, International Labor Organization, U.S. State Department

Afghan children tilt bricks up on their side after two days of drying in Pakistan. The children, aged 4-6, are forced to labor in the brick factories because they are lightweight and do not deform the bricks which are still somewhat soft.

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# Module 1

## Labor Trafficking

Victims found in any location or industry: factories, farms, construction, restaurants, mines, or personal homes

Source: United Nations, International Labor Organization, U.S. State Department

Shyima Hall, now 19, sits in the windowless garage where she was kept for two years. Shyima was 10 when a wealthy Egyptian couple bought her from a poor village in northern Egypt to work in their California home.

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# Module 1

## Labor Trafficking

56% of identified forced labor victims are women and girls

Source: United Nations, International Labor Organization, U.S. State Department

Before being rescued by a local NGO, these women were bonded laborers, trafficked and enslaved in a gravel quarry for over 10 years in the Indian state of Haryana.

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# Module 1

## Labor Trafficking

Debt bondage: using a debt to compel labor from a person

Source: United Nations, International Labor Organization, U.S. State Department

Religious students forced to beg for their Koranic teacher ask for change and food from cars stuck in traffic on the outskirts of Dakar, Senegal.

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# Module 1

## Labor Trafficking

32% of identified TIP victims are used for forced labor

Source: United Nations, International Labor Organization, U.S. State Department

Sugar cane cutters in northeast Brazil are transported in a cattle truck to a sugar-alcohol mill. Many of these workers are exploited through debt bondage.

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# Module 1

## Public Service Announcement

DoD has a zero tolerance policy for prostitution. Evidence shows that prostitution is inherently harmful and dehumanizing, and fuels trafficking in persons, a form of modern-day slavery.

Play Video

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# Module 1

## Labor Trafficking Victim's Story

Keni's Story
Keni Binti Carda, 28, left Indonesia to work as a domestic worker in a Gulf state. The woman who employed Keni allegedly burned her repeatedly with an iron, forced her to ingest feces, abused her psychologically, and applied household cleaners to Keni's open wounds. She poked Keni's tongue with a knife, pried her teeth loose and forced them down her throat, beat her own children when they tried to protest, and threatened to kill Keni if she tried to escape. Keni's employer made her work extremely long hours every day, locked her inside the house, and sent Keni back to Indonesia before she could seek help from the authorities.

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# Module 1

## Child Soldiering

Child soldiering: unlawful recruitment of children under 18 by government or nongovernment armed forces

Children are used as combatants, cooks, servants, messengers, spies, or sex slaves

Source: United Nations, U.S. State Department

Two young ethnic Karen boys serving as child soldiers in Burma.

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# Module 1

## Child Soldiering

Children are forced to commit atrocities against others

200,000-300,000 children in over 57 armed conflicts worldwide

Source: United Nations, U.S. State Department

Burma's prolonged conflict with ethnic forces and worsening political and economic conditions have created an environment where children are forced into the military.

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# Module 1

## Child Soldiering

Average age: 15-18, but young as 7

Source: United Nations, U.S. State Department

Two young ethnic Karen boys serving as child soldiers in Burma.

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# Module 1

## Child Soldiering

Children are often sexually and physically abused

Source: United Nations, U.S. State Department

This young girl was kidnapped, raped at gunpoint, and tortured by a rebel group in Eastern Africa. Her father was murdered by the rebels and her four sisters abducted.

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# Module 1

## Reporting Child Soldiering

The US is party to the Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict

"Child" shall mean any person less than eighteen years of age.

Many children are abducted and forcibly recruited; others are driven into armed forces by poverty, hardship and alienation. The Optional Protocol outlaws compulsory recruitment of children under the age of 18 by both government and non-government armed forces.

Each military member should notify their immediate chain of command if they are under 18 years of age and scheduled for deployment.

The unit commander under consultation with the chain of command and the Service's personnel center shall determine if the deployment is authorized for the minor service-member.

Units should conduct training on the applicable sections of the AR 190-8 to ensure proper handling of enemy casualties and prisoners who may in fact be considered children.

New U.S. legislation - Child Soldier Prevention Act is a foreign assistance restriction on countries that recruit/use or support armed groups that recruit/use child soldiers, as defined in the Act. Child Soldier Accountability Act makes it a crime to recruit/use anyone under the age of 15 and makes such recruitment/use a ground for inadmissibility and deportation in the United States.

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# Module 1

## Child Soldiering Victim's Story

Lucien's Story
Lucien was studying at school when members of a militia group abducted him and 11 other boys from his school. Those who resisted were beaten. Lucien was stabbed in the stomach and tied up until he submitted to the training. Lucien endured difficult training with some 60 other children, including a number of girls. When the soldiers killed those who tried to escape, they forced Lucien and other children to bury the bodies.

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# Module 2

## Module 2 Objectives:

Identify Victims

Identify Vulnerable Populations

Identify Traffickers

Estimated Completion Time: 2 - 4 minutes

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# Module 2

## TIP Victim Profile

TIP is about exploiting people's VULNERABILITY in their current circumstances - whether it is a man desperate for a job to take care of his family or a young girl with low-self esteem getting caught up with a pimp.

Victims can be:

Any gender, age, race, nationality, social status, or economic status

Men or women, adults or children, foreign nationals or U.S. citizens

TIP victims can be anyone

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# Module 2

## Vulnerable Populations

While TIP victims can be anyone, certain vulnerable populations are often targeted.

Vulnerable Populations may include:

Undocumented migrants

Runaway and homeless youth

Women and children with limited resources

Oppressed social or cultural groups

People displaced by natural disasters or civil conflicts

Victims of prior sexual or physical abuse

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# Module 2

## Victims Identified in the U.S.

California, United States
Young Guatemalan women were recruited and lured into the U.S. with promises of good jobs. Instead, the women were compelled into prostitution by means of threats, deception, rape, physical violence and witchcraft.

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# Module 2

## Victims Identified in the U.S.

South Dakota, United States
Four Filipinos were recruited to work for a hotel owner in South Dakota. The victims were compelled into forced labor at the hotel and at a local restaurant by means of threats of violence, legal coercion, and debt bondage.

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# Module 2

## Victims Identified in the U.S.

Kansas, United States
Mentally disabled adults living at a group home were compelled to engage in sexual activity and perform labor against their will. The victims were subjected to coercion and force that included the use of a stun gun, choking, and solitary confinement.

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# Module 2

## Victims Identified in the U.S.

New Jersey, United States
Young Mexican girls, ages 14-18, were lured into the U.S. with promised of good jobs. Once in the U.S., the girls were forced to work in brothels, serving up to eight men a day. The girls faced constant threats of violence and sexual assault.

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# Module 2

## Who are the Traffickers (Exploiters)?

Traffickers can be anyone who is willing to exploit people via force, fraud, or coercion to make a profit.

Traffickers can be:

International organized crime

National or local gangs

Corrupt government and police

Business owners

Pimps

Diplomats

Ordinary citizens

U.S. military or civilian personnel

U.S. contractors

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# Module 2

## Victims Identified in the U.S. (Military and Civilian Cases)

Washington, United States
(Fort Lewis) - A U.S. Army soldier was charged with sex trafficking of a minor after luring a 16-year old and a 17-year old to Washington where he then made the girls engage in prostitution. The soldier posted online advertisements for the girls and collected all money the girls received from sex acts. The soldier was arrested as part of FBI's Innocence Lost Initiative, an ongoing effort to identify and rescue child sex trafficking victims across the U.S.

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# Module 2

## Victims Identified in the U.S. (Military and Civilian Cases)

California, United States
A real estate agent was convicted of forced labor and various other offenses and sentenced to five years in prison. The trafficker lured her victim from Peru to the U.S. with a promise of a good job as a housekeeper and nanny. Instead, the victim's documents were confiscated and she was compelled to perform forced labor for two years in her trafficker's home. The victim was never paid, but was subjected to a situation of debt bondage and was constantly threatened.

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# Module 2

## Victims Identified in the U.S. (Military and Civilian Cases)

Wisconsin, United States
Two U.S. doctors were convicted with forced labor and various other offenses and sentenced to 72 months (6 years) each in prison. The couple recruited and lured a Filipina woman to work for them in the U.S. as a domestic servant. The victim was held captive for 19 years in which she was compelled to work against her will by means of threats and other psychological harms. The victim was confined inside the home where she was not permitted to socialize with others, communicate with her family, or leave the house unsupervised.

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# Module 2

## Victims Identified in the U.S. (Military and Civilian Cases)

Maryland, United States
(Fort Meade) - A U.S. Army soldier was convicted with sex trafficking by force, sex trafficking of a minor, and various other prostitution and drug offenses and sentenced to 210 months (17 years) in prison. The soldier lured over women and a minor from several states to Maryland where he and his associates operated a prostitution ring out of his apartment. Several of the women and the 16 year-old were compelled into pros it uti on by means of physical violence and threats of violence.

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# Module 3

## Module 3 Objectives:

Identify Victim Push and Pull Factors

Identify Trafficker's Motivations

Identify the Demand for TIP

Estimated Completion Time: 2 - 4 minutes

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# Module 3

## Push & Pull Factors

Push Factors: Conditions that influence or encourage people to leave a bad or unsafe condition.

Violence

Civil conflicts

No job opportunities

No civil rights

Poverty

Corruption

Pull Factors:Conditions that influence people to go to a new location with better opportunities.

Job Opportunities

Freedom and liberty

Chance of better life

Note: These factors alone do not cause TIP, but a combination of factors coupled with violence/threats increases the risk of exploitation.

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# Module 3

## Push & Pull Factors

Traffickers are involved in TIP because they see it as high profit and low risk - meaning minimal punishment due to corruption, lack of a strong criminal justice system, or where TIP is not seen as a serious crime.

Compared to drug trafficking and arms trafficking, TIP is one of the fastest growing criminal enterprises in the world - generating over $32 billion each year from exploiting victims

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# Module 3

## TIP Supply and Demand

Basic economic principle: Where there is a demand for a product, someone will supply it.

TIP: Where there is a demand for sex or labor, someone will provide it.

When demand increases, supply increases, profits increases, and number of exploited victims increases.

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# Module 3

## Understanding the Demand

"Demand" for forced labor includes individuals, businesses, or others who are willing to exploit others for their benefit.

Billboards advertising brothels are rampant throughout Japan. Tolerance of the commercial sex industry has made Japan one of the world's top destinations for sex trafficking of foreign women.

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# Module 3

## Understanding the Demand

"Demand" for commercial sex includes men or women who purchase sex.

Migrant workers in Dubai, UAE, live and work without adequate rights in difficult conditions in labor camps. Up to 20 men often share small rooms. Employers often withhold wages of these workers with the intent of preventing them from leaving. This amounts to forced labor.

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# Module 3

## Understanding the Demand

"Demand" for commercial sex or cheap labor enables TIP where traffickers exploit victims for profit.

Afghan children, such as these two boys selling toilet paper at a market in Kabul, are being recruited by extremist groups and sexually exploited, according to UNICEF officials.

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# Module 3

## Understanding the Demand

The "Demand" can include military, civilians, or contractors who buy commercial sex or use forced labor for their benefit.

Sex tourism draws men from wealthy countries to less developed countries where they can take advantage of economically vulnerable women and children and weak criminal justice systems.

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# Module 3

## Incentives for Traffickers to Engage in TIP

Scenario: "John the Trafficker" has two 14 year old girls he forces to prostitute every night, requiring them to meet a nightly quota of $500. The girls charge $100 per sex act. After one year, the girls have earned $365,000 for the trafficker and have been compelled to have sex with over 3,650 men.

$32 billion generated from TIP every year

$15 billion generated from TIP in the U.S. and Western Europe

Unlike drugs, TIP victims can be used over and over again to make traffickers money

End Goal: Money

Source: International Labor Organization

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# Module 3

## U.S. Military Personnel & DOD Contractors as Demand

United States: A U.S. Navy recruiter pled guilty to attempted child sex trafficking and was sentenced to 15 years in prison after paying an undercover police officer $80 to have sex with an 11-year-old girl. The sailor responded to an online advertisement offering sex with a minor, using his government issued email account and cell phone. The sailor then used his government vehicle to drive to a hotel in his uniform. The sailor was arrested as part of a Operation Guardian Angel, a joint task force of FBI, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and the Kansas City Police Department to target child sex trafficking.

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# Module 3

## U.S. Military Personnel & DOD Contractors as Demand

Iraq: A U.S. contractor and its subcontractor were sued for allegedly engaging in human trafficking in Iraq. After being recruited to work in Jordan as hotel staff, Nepali workers had their documents seized and then sent to Iraq to work on U.S. military facilities. While in route to their Iraqi destination, the workers were stopped by insurgents where 12 of the 13 were kidnapped and executed. The one survivor was later sent to work in a warehouse and then sent back to his home country. The U.S. Department of Labor ordered the subcontractor to pay over $1 million to the families of the victims.

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# Module 3

## U.S. Military Personnel & DOD Contractors as Demand

Cambodia: A USMC Captain (ret.) was convicted with traveling to Cambodia where he engaged in illicit sexual conduct with girls ranging from 9 - 12 years of age. The marine faces 210 years in prison after drugging, beating, abusing, and raping the girls over an extended period of time. The ex-marine was prosecuted under the PROTECT Act, which targets child sex tourism.

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# Module 4

## Module 4 Objectives:

Identify How People become TIP Victims

Identify Means of Control over Victims

Understand Victims' Mindset

Estimated Completion Time: 1 - 3 minutes

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# Module 4

## Luring Victims into TIP

Victims are often lured, tricked or entrapped in TIP situations by:

Fake job offers

Promises of love and marriage

Promises of better education and life for their family

Debt bondage

Kidnapping/Abduction

Blackmail/Extortion

Note: This is not an exhaustive list of means of luring victims into TIP, but a select list of examples seen around the world - including in the U.S.

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# Module 4

## How Perpetrators Maintain Control over Victims

Once entrapped, traffickers maintain control over victims by:

Physical Violence:

beatings

rape

isolation

starvation

restraint

Threats:

harming family

deportation

shaming

detention

Psychological Manipulation:

brainwashing

traumatic bonding

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# Module 4

## Victim Mindset: Why Victims are Unable to Leave

Victims are unable to leave a TIP situation because they may be:

Fearful of traffickers

Dependent on trafficker (e.g. child victims)

Distrustful of law enforcement and fearful of deportation

Thinking that nobody cares

Unaware they are victims of a crime

Unfamiliar with the language and culture

Addicted to drugs or alcohol

Without a personal identification

Unaware that they have basic rights

A woman holds the high school ID of her missing daughter who had been recruited for domestic work abroad.

Note: This is not an exhaustive list of why victims are unable to leave, but a select list of examples seen around the world - including in the U.S.

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# Module 4

## Physical & Mental Health Issues

Victims often face physical health issues related to their TIP situations.

Physical Health Problems:

STDs, HIV or AIDs

Malnutrition

Immune or Respiratory problems

Lame limbs or broken bones

Head trauma

Botched abortion complications

This Nigerian-born woman, trafficked to Paris, was beaten up the night before the photo was taken. Thousands of Nigerian women are brought to Europe then forced by traffickers to repay debts of up to $50,000.

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# Module 4

## Physical & Mental Health Issues

Victims often face mental health issues related to their TIP situations.

Mental Health Problems:

Depression or suicidal behavior

PTSD or chronic stress

Substance abuse (alcohol or drugs)

Nightmares, tremors or insomnia

At age 17, this Lithuanian was trafficked into prostitution in London after having been promised a holiday trip. She escaped - after a year - but relies on alcohol to help forget.

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# Module 4

## Physical & Mental Health Issues

Victims often face mental health issues related to their TIP situations.

An Indonesian domestic worker was beaten so badly by and employer abroad that she was blinded. Repatriated, she recovered at a clinic in Indonesia.

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# Module 5

## Module 5 Objectives:

Identify Where Victims Are Found

Identify Victim Indicators

Take Appropriate Action against TIP

Estimated Completion Time: 1 - 3 minutes

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# Module 5

## Locations Victims May be Found

Some locations that military personnel, civilian personnel, and contractors may likely come across victims while serving abroad or in the U.S. can include:

Labor Trafficking:

Food services

Domestic services

Construction

Factories

Hotels

A Pakistani boy works as a bonded laborer in a brick kiln on the outskirts of Lahore in Pakistan. His parents owe the brick kiln owner 5,000 Pakistani rupees (less than $100).

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# Module 5

## Locations Victims May be Found

Some locations that military personnel, civilian personnel, and contractors may likely come across victims while serving abroad or in the U.S. can include:

Labor Trafficking:

A shrimp-processing factory in Thailand was raided. This slave camp forced hundreds, including these underage Burmese girls, tow work 20 hours a day with little food.

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# Module 5

## Locations Victims May be Found

Some locations that military personnel, civilian personnel, and contractors may likely come across victims while serving abroad or in the U.S. can include:

Sex Trafficking:

Dance clubs, strip clubs or bars

Massage parlors or spas

Street-based prostitution

Escort services

Billboards like this can be found around the U.S. advertising spas or massage parlors which often front as brothels where TIP victims may be found.

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# Module 5

## Locations Victims May be Found

A brothel in Batam, Indonesia where women and girls are prostituted.

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# Module 5

## Locations Victims May be Found

Young girls are trafficked as bond laborers, paying-off a small debt inherited from their ancestors.

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# Module 5

## Locations Victims May be Found

Prostituted girls wait in line to be inspected by customers in an Indian city.

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# Module 5

## Victim Identification Indicators

Physical/Environmental:

Signs of abuse

No identification

Unable to speak local language

Lives and confined at work site

Escorted or monitored

Indebted to employer

Psychological/Behavioral:

Fearful

Submissive

Anxious

Nervous

Signs of emotional abuse

Lack free will

Depressed

Dependent on others

Note: This is not exhaustive list. It is important to note that no single indicator can positively identify a victim alone. It is therefore important to report potential TIP situations to proper authorities.

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# Module 5

## Appropriate Action

Warning: If you detect a TIP situation, do not get directly involved. Your actions may worsen the situation for victims.

While TIP victims can be anyone, certain vulnerable populations are often targeted.

Appropriate Action:

Do not purchase sex

Do not be complicit or turn a blind eye to TIP if peers are involved

Educate peers about TIP

Take and promote DoD TIP Awareness Training

Avoid establishments that show indicators of TIP

Report suspected establishments involved in TIP to your command

Report TIP situations to your chain of command

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# Module 5

## Reporting TIP

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# Module 6

## Module 6 Objectives:

Review the TVPA

Review the PROTECT Act

Accountability for TIP

Estimated Completion Time: 2 - 4 minutes

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# Module 6

## TIP Zero Tolerance Policy

United States Government

Trafficking in Persons Zero Tolerance Policy

National Security Presidential Directive 22 (2002)

Subject: Combating Trafficking in Persons

"The United States hereby adopts a "zero tolerance" policy regarding United States Government employees and contractor personnel representing the United States abroad who engage in trafficking in persons."

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# Module 6

## Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) (2000)

The U.S. enacted the TVPA to comprehensively combat TIP by:

Prevention: public awareness

Protection: victim assistance

Prosecution: new criminal laws

The U.S. recognizes:

TIP occurs within and across borders

Victims can be foreign nationals or U.S. citizens

Magar was one of thousands of Nepali girls who were trafficked into Indian brothels to work as prostitutes. She escaped that life and returned home. Now Magar works at the border checking every vehicle that passes for trafficking activity.

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# Module 6

## Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) (2000)

The U.S. recognizes:

TIP occurs within and across borders

During a raid to free boys trapped in a garment factory in India, child rights activist Bhuwan Ribhu talks to a victim.

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# Module 6

## Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) (2000)

The U.S. recognizes:

Victims can be foreign nationals or U.S. citizens

A volunteer in Beijing, China created playing cards with details of missing children to hand out to residents and law enforcement in areas notorious for child trafficking.

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# Module 6

## Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) (2000)

Nigerian trafficking victims in Italy receive counseling from a local nongovernmental organization.

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# Module 6

## PROTECT Act (2003)

The Prosecuting Remedies and Tools Against the Exploitation of Children Today Act (PROTECT) Act strengthens the ability to prevent, investigate, prosecute and punish violent crimes committed against children.

Michael J Pepe was prosecuted by the U.S. government on child sex tourism charges under the PROTECT Act. Pepe faces 210 years in prison for traveling to Cambodia and sexually abusing young girls.

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# Module 6

## PROTECT Act (2003)

The Act established the AMBER Alert Program to help recover abducted children.

A rescued toddler - from a village with an established tradition of children entering the sex industry - has a new opportunity to grow up without fear of being trafficked or forced into sexual slavery.

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# Module 6

## PROTECT Act (2003)

The Act targets child sexual exploitation, such as child sex tourism.

A 14-year-old Lahu girl is prostituted in a village controlled by a narco-insurgent group about 10 miles outside of the eastern Shan town of Kengtung in Burma. She was being offered for 8,000 kyat (about $5 USD) for sex.

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# Module 6

## PROTECT Act (2003)

Western men are known to visit destinations in Southeast Asia, such as Pattaya, Thailand, that cater to the sex tourism industry. Many of these girls are underage and therefore incapable of providing meaningful consent to what these men do to them.

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# Module 6

## Punishment: Military Personnel Involved in TIP

Warning: All military personnel serving overseas or in the U.S. are subject to punishment if they engaged in TIP - whether as a trafficker or as a customer who exploits victims. Although prostitution may be legal in a host country, it is illegal under U.S. law.

Military personnel will be held accountable under:

Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)
Military personnel are subject to UCMJ jurisdiction 24-hours a day, 7-days a week, while on or off duty, while on or off a military installation, and worldwide.

U.S. Federal & State Criminal Codes
Military personnel can be prosecuted for TIP offenses under federal or state criminal codes addressing TIP or related offenses. In most states, TIP is a felony offense. At the federal level, TIP sentences can be as high as life in prison. Under the TVPA and PROTECT Acts, the U.S. government has jurisdiction over TIP offenses committed overseas by U.S. citizens, including military personnel.

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# Module 6

## Punishment: Civilians & Contractors

Warning: All civilian personnel and contractors serving overseas or in the U.S. are subject to punishment if they engage in TIP - whether as a trafficker or as a customer who exploits victims. Although prostitution may be legal in a host country, it is illegal under U.S. law.

Civilian personnel and contractors engaging in TIP will be held accountable under:

Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act (MEJA)
MEJA allows for serious crimes committed overseas be punishable in the U.S. The Act ensures that DoD civilians and civilian contractors are governed by U.S. law even when operating in other regions of the world.

Uniformed Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)
Civilians and contractors are subject to UCMJ jurisdiction in a time of declared war or during a contingency operation when they are serving with or accompanying an armed force in the field.

U.S. Federal & State Criminal Codes
Civilian personnel and contractors are liable for prosecution of TIP offenses under federal or state criminal codes if the crimes were committed in the U.S. In most states, TIP is a felony offense. At the federal level, TIP sentences can be as high as life in prison. Under the TVPA and PROTECT Acts, the U.S. government has jurisdiction over TIP offenses committed overseas by U.S. citizen.

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# Module 6

## Federal Acquisition Regulation Combating TIP

Contractors shall not:

(1) Engage in severe forms of trafficking in persons during the period of performance of the contract;

(2) Procure commercial sex acts during the period of performance of the contract; or

(3) Use forced labor in ther performance of the contract.

Contractors shall:

(1) Notify its employees of -
(i) The United States Government's zero tolerance policy described in paragraph (b) of this clause; and
(ii) The actions that will be taken against employees for violations of this policy. Such actions may include, but are not limited to, removal from the contract, reduction in benefits, or termination of employment; and
(2) Take appropriate action, up to and including termination, against employees or subcontractors that violate the policy of this clause.